Science & Research

IFA uses many of the following publications to gather important statistical data.

  • Agee, James K. 1993. "Fire Ecology of Pacific Northwest Forests." Island Press .
  • American Forest & Paper Association and National Association of State Foresters (AF&PA/NASF). 1997. Managing Forests, Managing Fire. A Report to Congress on the Status of Wildfire Management in the United States. AF&PA, Washington, D.C.
  • American Forest & Paper Association. 1995. Forest Health and Resource Management in the Northern Rocky Mountains . Washington, D.C.
  • American Forests, Forest Policy Center. 1995. Forest Ecosystem Health in the Inland West: A Science and Policy Reader . Washington, D.C.
  • American Forests, workshop proceedings and scientific papers. 1994. (Editors Sampson, Neil et al). Assessing Forest Ecosystem Health in the Inland West: Papers from the American Forests Workshop, November 14-20, 1993, Sun Valley, Idaho, 1994.
  • Amman, Gene D.; Ryan, Kevin C. 1991. Insect infestation of fire-injured trees in the greater Yellowstone area. Res. Note INT-398. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 9 p.
  • Arganbright, D.G. 2000. Commentary: Ecological Restoration: What role for forestry? Journal of Forestry 98(8):1.
  • Associated Press. 2000. "Greens feeling heat from wildfires: Even 'zero-cut' groups see need for thinning." Spokesman-Review, Spokane, Washington, August 12, p.A10.
  • Atkins, David; Byler, James; Livingston, Ladd; Rogers, Paul and Bennett, Dayle. Health of Idaho's Forests: A Summary of Conditions, Issues and Implications . FPM  REPORT 99-4. Missoula, Montana: USDA Forest Service Northern Region.
  • Banzhaf, W.H. 2000. Letter to the editor from executive vice-president, Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C. Washington Time s, May 19.
  • Barker, E. 2000. "The dark days of 1910 may return: Experts fear dramatic weather shift would push fires into massive event." Lewiston Morning Tribun e, Lewiston, Idaho, August 19, p.1A.
  • Barney, R.J., G.R. Fahnestock, W.G. Herbolsheimer, R.K. Miller, B.B. Phillips, and J. Pierovich. 1984. Fire Management. In, Forestry Handboo k, 2 nd ed., K. Wenger, ed., for the Society of American Foresters, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. Pp.189-251.
  • Bartuska, A. 2000. Statement concerning "The Future of National Forest Timber Sales" before the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., July 25. online at http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/106cong/forests/00jul25/ bartuska.htm (August 18, 2000).
  • Baumgartner, D.M., and R.L. Everett, eds. 1994. Ecosystem Management in Western Interior Forest s. Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, WA.
  • Beaufait, W., P.P. Land, M. Newton, D.M. Smith, C.H. Tubas, C.A. Wellner, and H.L. Williston. 1984. Silviculture. In, Forestry Handboo k, 2 nd ed., K. Wenger, ed., for the Society of American Foresters, J. Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. Pp.413-455.
  • Beschta, R.L.; Frissell, C.A.; Gresswell, R. [and others]. 1995. Wildfire and salvage logging: recommendations for ecologically sound post-fire salvage logging and other post-fire treatments on Federal lands in the West. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University. 14 p.
  • Blake, John G. 1982. "Influence of fire and logging on nonbreeding bird communities of ponderosa pine forests." Journal of Wildlife Management. 46(2): 404-415.
  • Blatner, K.A., C.E. Keegan III, J. O'Laughlin, and D.L. Adams. 1994. Forest health management policy case study in southwestern Idaho. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2:317-337.
  • Brown, James K. 1980. Influence of harvesting and residues on fuels and fire management. In: Proceedings, Environmental consequences of timber harvesting in Rocky Mountain coniferous forests; 1979 September 11-13; Missoula, MT. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-90. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station: 417-432.
  • Brown, M.J., and D.C. Chojnacky. 1996. Idaho's Forests, 199 1. Resource Bulletin INT-RB-88, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
  • Campbell, R.E.; Baker, M.B., Jr.; Ffolliott, P.F. [and others]. 1977. Wildfire effects on a ponderosa pine ecosystem: an Arizona case study. Res. Pap. RM-191. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 12 p.
  • Campbell, Sally. 1996. Disturbance and Forest Health in Oregon and Washington. US Forest Service Pacific NW Research Station.
  • Caton, Elaine Lisa. 1996. Effects of fire and salvage logging on the cavity-nesting bird community in northwestern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 115 p. Ph.D. dissertation.
  • Chou, Yue Hong; Conard, Susan G.; Wohlgemuth, Peter M. 1994a. Analysis of postfire salvage logging, watershed characteristics, and sedimentation in the Stanislaus National Forest. In: Proceedings of ESRI users conference; 1994 [dates unknown]; Palm Springs, CA. [Place of publication unknown]: [publisher unknown]: 492-499.
  • Clark, Lance R. and Sampson, R. Neil. 1995. Forest Ecosystem Health in the Inland West . Washington, DC: Forest Policy Center of American Forests. online at http://www.amfor.org.
  • Clinton-Gore Passive National Forest Policy Backfires, August 21, 2000 – Page 13.
  • Covington, W.W. 2000. Perspective: Prescribed fire is not the issue. Journal of Forestry 98(8):48.
  • Covington, W.W., and M.M. Moore. 1994. "Southwestern ponderosa pine: Changes since Euro-American settlement." Journal of Forestry 92(1):39-47.
  • Covington, W.W., R.L. Everett, R. Steele, L.L. Irwin, T.A. Daer, and A.N.D. Auclair. 1994. "Historical and anticipated changes in forest ecosystems of the Inland West of the United States." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2:13-63.
  • DeBano, Leonard F. 1991.The effect of fire on soil properties. In: Proceedings, Symposium on management and productivity of western-montane forest soils; 1990 April 10-12; Boise, ID. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-280. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station: 151-156.
  • Dombeck, M. 2000. "The changing role of timber harvest in our national forests." Speech to the American Forest & Paper Association, Washington, D.C., May 22. online at http://www.fs.fed.us/intro/speech/ 20000522-afpa.html (August 8, 2000).
  • Durgin, Philip B. 1985. "Burning changes the erodibility of forest soils." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. May/June: 299-301.
  • Ebel, F.W. 2000. Letter to President Clinton from president, Society of American Foresters, Washington, D.C., August 18. online at http://www.safnet.org/policy/psst/ebelfire0818.htm (August 28, 2000).
  • Everett, Richard. 1993. Eastside Forest Ecosystem Health Assessment. US Forest Service, Pacific NW Research Station.
  • Evergreen Foundation. 1994-95. "The West Is Burning Up." Evergreen Magazine.
  • Fairfax, S.K. 1996. Thinking the unthinkable: States as public land managers. Hastings West-Northwest Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 3:249-263.
  • Fiedler, C. 2000. Opening Statement, Testimony to "Hearing on the Effects of the Roadless Policy on Rural Small Business and Rural Communities," Committee on Small Business, U.S. House of -26- Representatives, Washington, D.C., July 11. online at http:www.house.gov/smbiz/hearings/106th/ 2000/000711/fiedler.htm (August 8, 2000).
  • Floyd, D.W., ed., et al. 1999. Forest of Discord: Options for Governing Our National Forests and Federal Public Land s. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD. Executive Summary online at http://www.safnet.org/policy/91303plm.pdf (August 8, 2000).
  • Forest Health and Fire Danger in Inland Western Forests Conference. 1994. Forest Health and Fire Danger in Inland Western Forests, September 8-9, 1994, Spokane, Washington . proceedings and scientific papers (18 sponsoring institutions).
  • Forest Health Science Panel, report to Congress (Oliver, Chad et al). 1997. Report on Forest Health of the United States by the Forest Health Science Panel.
  • Forest Options Group. 1999.  2nd Century Options for the Forest Service. A Report to the American People. online at  http://www.teleport.com/~rot/2c.html(18 August 2000).
  • Gaudry, J.P. and Omi, P. N.. 1998. Effect of Thinning and Prescribed Burning on Wildfire Severity in Ponderosa Pine Forests. online at http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/ecopartner/gaudry/gaudry.htm.
  • Geranios, N.K. 2000a. "The Big Blowup: Catastrophic fires of 1910 share similarities to current fires." Associated Press, in, Moscow-Pullman Daily New s, Moscow, Idaho, August 19 & 20, p.6A.
  • Geranios, N.K. 2000b. "Fires burning today don't resemble fires of 1800s." Associated Press, in, Moscow-Pullman Daily New s, Moscow, Idaho, August 22, p.3A.
  • Graham, R.T. 1994. "Silviculture, fire and ecosystem management." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2:339-351.
  • Graham, R.T., A.E. Harvey, T.B. Jain, and J.R. Tonn. 1999. The Effects of Thinning and Similar Stand Treatments on Fire Behavior in Western Forests. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-463, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
  • Harvey, A.E., P.F. Hessberg, J.W. Byler, G.I. McDonald, J.C. Weatherby, and B.E. Wickman. 1994. Health declines in western interior forests: Symptoms and solutions. In, Ecosystem Management in Western Interior Forest s, D.M. Baumgartner and R.L. Everett, eds. Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, Pullman, WA. Pp.163-170.
  • Hejl, Sallie; McFadzen, Mary. 1998.Maintaining fire-associated bird species across forest landscapes in the northern Rockies. Summary Report. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 14 p.
  • Helms, J.A., ed. 1998. The Dictionary of Forestr y. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD.
  • Helvey, J.D. 1980."Effects of a north central Washington wildfire on runoff and sediment production." Water Resources Bulletin . 16(4): 627-634.
  • Hitchcox, Susan M. 1996.Abundance and nesting success of cavity-nesting birds in unlogged and salvage-logged burned forest in northwestern Montana. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. 89 p. M.S. thesis.
  • Hull, R.B., and P.H. Gobster. 2000. Restoring forest ecosystems: The human dimension. Journal of Forestry 98(8):32-36.
  • Hutto, Richard L. 1995. Composition of bird communities following stand-replacement fires in northern Rocky Mountain (U.S.A.) conifer forests. Conservation Biology. 9(5): 1041-1058.
  • Idaho Federal Lands Task Force Working Group. 2000. Recommendation Report to Idaho State Board of Land Commissioners, Review Draft. Available from Idaho Department of Lands, Boise, ID.
  • Idaho Federal Lands Task Force. 1998. New Approaches for Managing Federally Administered Land. Report to Idaho State Board of Land Commissioners. Available from Idaho Department of Lands, Boise, ID.
  • Idaho Forest Products Commission. 1998. The Idaho Forest A Miracle At Work. Boise, Idaho. online at http://www.idahoforests.org.
  • Inland Empire Society of American Foresters (IESAF). 1999. Policy Statement: Forest Health. online at http://www.iesaf.org/Position-Forest-Health.html (August 8, 2000).
  • Inland Empire Society of American Foresters (IESAF). 2000. Policy Statement: Seven Suggestions for Revising ICBEMP (Review Comments on Interior Columbia Basin Supplemental Draft Environ-mental Impact Statement). online at http://www.iesaf.org/Position-ICE.html (August 8, 2000).
  • Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP). 2000. Interior Columbia Basin Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statemen t. USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project, Boise, ID.
  • Johnson, K.N., J.A. Agee, R. Beschta, J. Beuter, S. Gregory, L. Kellogg, W. McComb, J. Sedell, T. Schowalter, and S. Tesch. 1995. Forest Health and Timber Harvest on National Forests in the Blue Mountains of Oregon. A Report to Governor Kitzhaber. College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR.
  • Keegan, C.E. III. 2000. Opening Statement, Testimony to "Hearing on the Effects of the Roadless Policy on Rural Small Business and Rural Communities," Committee on Small Business, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., July 11. online at http:www.house.gov/smbiz/hearings/106th/ 2000/000711/keegan.htm" (August 8, 2000).
  • Kimmerer, R.W. 2000. Native knowledge for native ecosystems. Journal of Forestry 98(8):4-9.
  • Kitzhaber, J.A. 1997. Proposed Eastside Forest Health Strategy. Office of the Governor, Salem, OR.
  • Kloor, K. 2000. "News Focus: Restoration Ecology: Returning America's forests to their "natural" roots." Science 287:56-57.
  • Laverty, L. and Williams, J.. 1999. Protecting People and Sustaining Resources in Fire-Adapted Ecosystems: A Cohesive Strategy signed report. online at http://www.fs.fed.us/pub/fam/.
  • Lippke Fretwell, Holly. 1998. The Price We Pay. Bozeman, Montana: Political Economy Research Center. online at http://www.perc.org.
  • Lippke Fretwell, Holly. 1999. Forests: Do We Get What We Pay For? Bozeman, Montana: Political Economy Research Center. online at http://www.perc.org.
  • Long, J.N., and F.W. Smith 2000. "Restructuring the forest: Goshawks and the restoration of southwestern ponderosa pine." Journal of Forestry 98(8):25-30.
  • Lynch, D.L., W.H. Romme, and M.L. Floyd. 2000. "Forest restoration in southwestern ponderosa pine." Journal of Forestry 98(8):17-24.
  • Marston, Richard A.; Haire, David H. 1990. "Runoff and soil loss following the 1988 Yellowstone fires." Great Plains—Rocky Mountain Geographical Journal. Laramie, WY: University of Wyoming; 18(1): 1-8.
  • McIver, J. D. and Starr, L. 2000. Environmental Effects of Postfire logging: literature review and annotated bibliography. Gen. Tech. Rept. PNW-GTR-486. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station: Portland, OR 72 pp.
  • McKillop, W. 2000. "Restoring National Forest ecosystems will provide many benefits." San Francisco Chronicle, June 29.
  • Monning, Edward and Byler, James. 1992. Forest Health and Ecological Integrity in the Northern Rockies. FPM REPORT 92-7, Second Edition. Missoula, Montana: USDA Forest Service Northern Region.
  • Monning, Edward. 1992. Forest Health and Ecological Integrity in the Northern Rockies . US Forest Service, Northern Region Research Station.
  • Morelan, L.Z., S.P. Mealey, and F.O. Carroll. 1994. "Ecosystem management in practice: Forest health on the Boise National Forest." Journal of Forestry 92(8):22-24.
  • Morgan, P., L.F. Neuenschwander, and T.W. Swetnam. 2000. Written Testimony to a joint hearing on "Fire Management on Federal Lands," Subcommittee on Forests & Forest Health and Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands, Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., June 7. online at http://tree.LTRR.Arizona.EDU/~tswetnam/Congress/  (August 8, 2000).
  • Morganthau, T. 2000. "Disasters: The West's deadly fields of wildfire: Surviving the hottest, most destructive season in years." Newsweek, August 14, p.31.
  • Mutch, R., interviewed by J. Petersen. 1994. "Could what happened in 1910 happen again?" Evergreen Magazine (Winter 1994-95), Evergreen Foundation, Medford, OR. Pp.37-39.
  • Mutch, Robert. 1993. Forest Health in the Blue Mountains: A Management Strategy for Fire-Adopted Ecosystems.
  • National Commission on Wildfire Disasters. 1994. Report of the National Commission on Wildfire Disasters .
  • Nelson, R.H. 1995. Public Lands and Private Rights: The Failure of Scientific Management.
  • Nelson, R.H. 2000b. "Policy lessons of the Los Alamos fire for federal land management." Witness Statement, Testimony to a joint hearing on "Fire Management on Federal Lands," Subcommittee on Forests & Forest Health and Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands, Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., June 7. online at http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/106cong/forests/00jun07/nelson.htm (August 8, 2000).
  • Neuenschwanter, Leon F.; Byler, James; Harvey, Alan; McDonald, Geral; Ortiz, Denise; Osborne, Harold; Snyder, Gerry and Arthur Zack. 1999. White Pine in the American West: A Vanishing Species . General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-35. Moscow, Idaho: USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station.
  • O'Laughlin, J. 1996. "Forest ecosystem health assessment issues: Definition, measurement, and management implications." Ecosystem Health 2(1):19-39.
  • O'Laughlin, J., B. Maynard, S. Fitzgerald, A. Arneson, and D. Pittman. 1998b. "Seven suggestions for revising ICBEMP." Journal of Forestry 96(10):42-46.
  • O'Laughlin, J., J.G. MacCracken, D.L. Adams, S.J. Bunting, K.A. Blatner, and C.E. Keegan III. 1993. Forest Health Conditions in Idaho. Report No. 11, Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Policy Analysis Group. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. Executive Summary available online at http://www.uidaho.edu/cfwr/pag/ reports.html - no11 (August 8, 2000).
  • O'Laughlin, J., W.R. Hundrup, and P.S. Cook. 1998a. History and Analysis of Federally Administered Lands in Idaho. Report No. 16, Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Policy Analysis Group. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID. Executive Summary available online at http://www.uidaho.edu/cfwr/pag/ reports.html - no16 (August 8, 2000).
  • O'Laughlin, Jay. 1993. Forest Health Conditions in Idaho. University of Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station.
  • O'Laughlin, Jay. 1994. Forest Health Concepts and Their Application to Managing Idaho Forests. University of Idaho Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station.
  • O'Toole, R. 1988. Reforming the Forest Service. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
  • Oliver, C.D., D.E. Ferguson, A.E. Harvey, H.S. Malany, J.M. Mandzak, and R.W. Mutch. 1994. "Managing ecosystems for forest health: An approach and the effects on uses and values." Journal of Sustainable Forestry 2:113-133.
  • Oregon Department of Forestry. 1996. Forest Health Alert .
  • Oregon Society of American Foresters. 1995. Forest Health .
  • Potts, Donald F.; Peterson, David L.; Zuuring, Hans R. 1985. Watershed modeling for fire management planning in the northern Rocky Mountains. Res. Pap. PSW-177. Berkeley, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. 11 p.
  • Powell, D.S., J.L. Faulkner, D.R. Darr, Z. Zhu and D.W. MacCleery. 1993. Forest Resources of the United States, 1992. General Technical Report RM-234, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO.
  • Quigley, T.M., and H.B. Cole. 1997. Highlighted Scientific Findings of the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Projec t. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-404, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
  • Quigley, T.M., R.W. Haynes, and R.T. Graham, eds. 1996. Integrated Scientific Assessment for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Columbia Basin and Portions of the Klamath and Great Basins. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-382, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.
  • Quigley, T.M., R.W. Haynes, W.J. Hann, D.C. Lee, R.S. Holthausen, and R.A. Gravenmier. 1998. Using an ecoregion assessment for integrated policy analysis. Journal of Forestry 96(10):33-38.
  • Rieman, B., D. Lee; Chandler, G. and D. Myers. 1997. Does wildfire threaten extinction for salmonids? Responses of redband trout and bull trout following recent large fires on the Boise National Forest. Pages 79-93 in Proceedings of Fire Effects on Rare and Endangered Species and Habitats Conference; 1995 November 13-16; Coeur d'Alene, Idaho: International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.
  • Robichaud, Peter R.; Beyers, Jan L.; Neary, Daniel G. 2000. Evaluating the effectiveness of postfire rehabilitation treatments. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-63. Fort Collins: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 85 p.
  • Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD. Nelson, R.H. 2000a. A Burning Issue: A Case for Abolishing the U.S. Forest Service. Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, MD.
  • Saab, Victoria; Dudley, Jonathan. 1998. Responses of cavity-nesting birds to stand-replacement fire and salvage logging in ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of southwestern Idaho. Res. Pap. RMRS-RP-11. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 17 p.
  • Sallabanks, R.; McIver, J.D. 1998. Response of breeding bird communities to wildfire in the Oregon Blue Mountains: the first three years following the Twin Lakes fire, 1995-1997. In: Fire and wildlife in the Pacific Northwest: research, policy and management: Proceedings, annual meeting of the northwest section of the Wildlife Society; 1998 April 6-8; Spokane, WA. [Place of publication unknown]: [publisher unknown]: 85-89.
  • Sampson, R. Neil and DeCoster, Lester A. 1998. Forest Health in the United States. Washington, DC: American Forests. online at http://www.amfor.org.
  • Sampson, R.N.; Adams, D.L.; Hamilton, S.S.; Mealey, S.P.; Steele, R. and Van de Graaff, D.. 1994. Summary paper: Assessing forest ecosystem health in the Inland West. Pages 1-6 in. R. N. Sampson and D. L. Adams, eds. Assessing forest ecosystem health in the Inland West. Overview from American Forests Scientific Workshop, November 14-19, 1993, Sun Valley, ID.
  • Scott, Donald W.; Szymoniak, John; Rockwell, Victoria. 1996. Entomological concerns regarding burn characteristics and fire effects on tree species during prescribed landscape burns: burn severity guidelines and mitigation measures to minimize fire injuries. BMZ-97-1. La Grande, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Wallowa-Whitman National Forest, Blue Mountains Pest Management Zone. 48 p.
  • Sexton, Timothy O. 1994. Ecological effects of post-wildfire salvage-logging on vegetation diversity, biomass, and growth and survival of Pinus ponderosa and Purshia tridentata. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, Department of Range-land Resources. 28 p. Unpublished manuscript. On file with: Department of Rangeland Resources, Strand Agriculture Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331.
  • Shindler, Bruce. 1996. Forest Management in the Blue Mountains: Public Perspectives on Prescribed Fires and Mechanical Thinning. Oregon State University Dept. of Forest Resources and US Forest Service. Pacific NW Research Station.
  • Simon, Jerry; Christy, Stephen; Vessels, Joseph. 1994. "Clover-Mist fire recovery: a forest management response." Journal of Forestry. November: 41-44.
  • Smith, D.W. 2000. Testimony statement on "The Once and Future of National Forest Timber Sales" before the Subcommittee on Forests and Forest Health, Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., July 25. online at http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/106cong/ forests/00jul25/smith.htm (August 18, 2000).
  • Smith, H. Y., S. F. Arno, eds. 1999. Eighty-eight years of change in a managed ponderosa pine forest. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-23. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
  • Snow, D., J. Burchfield, O. Daniels, D. Kemmis, T.M. Power, J.W. Thomas, et al. 1998. The Lubrecht conversations: A diverse group discusses the future of the Forest Service in a changing West. Chronicle of Community 3(1):5-16.
  • Society of American Foresters (SAF). 2000. News release: "Forestry organization calls on administration to restore lands damaged by forest fires." SAF, Bethesda, MD., August 18. online at http://www.safnet.org/archive/firestore81800.htm (August 28, 2000).
  • Society of American Foresters. 1993. Sustaining Long-Term Forest Health and Productivity . Task Force Report.
  • Society of American Foresters. 1996. The Role of "Salvage" and "Sanitation" Harvesting in Restoration and Maintenance of Healthy Forests .
  • Society of American Foresters. 1997. Forest Health and Productivity. Report by the National Committee on Forest Health & Productivity.
  • Stephens, S.L. 2000. Witness Statement, Testimony to a joint hearing on "Fire Management on Federal Lands," Subcommittee on Forests & Forest Health and Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands, Committee on Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C., June 7. online at http://resourcescommittee.house.gov/106cong/forests/00jun07/stephens.htm (August 8, 2000).
  • Thomas, J.W. 1997. "Devolution of the public's lands – trading a birthright for pottage." Renewable Resources Journal 15(2):6-8,10.
  • Thomas, J.W., and M. Dombeck. 1996. "Ecosystem management in the interior Columbia River basin." Wildlife Society Bulletin 24(2):180-186.
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture – Forest Service (USDA-FS). 1999. America's Forests: 1999 Health Update. online at http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/fh_update/update99/ (August 18, 2000).
  • U.S. Department of the Interior – Bureau of Land Management (USDI-BLM). 1998. Public Land Statistics: 199 7. Vol. 182. BLM/BC/ST-98/001+1165. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
  • U.S. General Accounting Office (US-GAO). 1997. Forest Service Decision-Making: A Framework for Improving Performance. GAO/RCED-97-71. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
  • US Forest Service /US Bureau of Land Management. 1996. Status of the Interior Columbia Basin: Summary of Scientific Findings.
  • US Forest Service. 1991. Blue Mountains Forest Health Report: New Perspectives in Forest Pacific NW Region.
  • US Forest Service. 1992. Restoring Ecosystems in the Blue Mountains: A Report to the Regional Forester and the Forest Supervisors of the Blue Mountain Forests. Pacific NW Region.
  • US Forest Service. 1993. Healthy Forests for America's Future: A Strategic Plan .
  • US Forest Service. 1994. Western Forest Health Initiative .
  • US Forest Service. 1999. Course-scale Spatial Data for Wildland Fire and Fuel Management [Online] (1999, November). Prescribed Fire and Fire Effects Research Work Unit, Rocky Mountain Research Station (producer). online at www.fs.fed.us/fire/fuelman.
  • US General Accounting Office. 1999. Western National Forests: A Cohesive Strategy is Needed to Address Catastrophic Wildfire Threats . GAO/RCED-99-65. Washington, DC. online at http://www.gao.gov.
  • USDA FS and USDI BLM. 1997. Upper Columbia River Basin Draft Environmental Impact Statement. USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management. Boise, ID.
  • USDA FS and USDI BLM. 2000. Interior Columbia Basin Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement. USDA Forest Service, USDI Bureau of Land Management. Walla Walla, WA.
  • Western Wood Products Association Economic Serviced Department. yearly publication. Statistical Yearbook of the Western Lumber Industry . Portland, Oregon. online at http://www.wwpa.org.
  • Wickline, M.R. 2000. "Idaho Democrats say Clinton is killing them: Party leaders ask president for support on replacing lost timber jobs." Lewiston Morning Tribune, Lewiston, Idaho, August 23, p.1C.
  • Wilkinson, C.F. 1995. The public lands and the national heritage. In, Challenging Federal Ownership and Management: Public Lands and Public Benefit s. Natural Resources Law Center, University of Colorado School of Law, Boulder, CO.
  • Wilson, C.C., and J.D. Dell. 1971. "The fuels buildup in American forests: A plan of action and research." Journal of Forestry 69(8):471-475.
  • Wilson, M.J., and D.D. Van Hooser. 1991. Forest Statistics for Land Outside National Forests in Northern Idaho, 1991. Resource Bulletin INT-80, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, Ogden, UT.
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